Currently, the key role of statistical modeling in epidemiology and public health is unquestionable. The methods and tools of biostatistics are extensively used for understanding disease development, uncovering the etiology, and evaluating the development of new strategies of prevention and control of the disease. Through data analysis, epidemiology can steer decision-making processes, guiding health and healthcare policy, and planning and assisting in the management and care of health and disease in individuals. The growing availability of large healthcare databases allows us to draw new evidence in the use of healthcare interventions, drugs, devices, and in the knowledge of population health and health inequality. Digital technologies, the internet, and social media allow us to gather information about the efficiency and quality of the healthcare delivery process, in addition to patient satisfaction. In recognition of the extent of statistical modeling in epidemiology and public health, the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health devotes this Special Issue to recent findings on “Statistical Advances in Epidemiology and Public Health”. A wide range of topics will be included in this issue. These are Healthcare efficiency evaluation; Quality of care; Persistence and adherence with chronic therapy; Effectiveness of treatment; Data envelopment analysis; Congestion analysis.