Bioprospecting is defined as a systematic and organized search for useful products derived from bioresources including plants, microorganisms, animals, etc., that can be developed further for commercialization and overall benefits of the society. The bioprospecting and conservation of the African Piper genus is almost nonexistent. Available reports from Asian and South American countries indicate institutional and governmental involvement in prospecting and conservation program of various species found in those areas (De Britto and Mahesh, 2007; Landon, 2007). Cultivation and trade in Black Pepper (P. nigrum) has developed to international scale in South and Central America, India, Pakistan, Malaysia, and other South Eastern Asian countries. Bioprospecting has led to increased interest in potential applications for marine organisms and their by-products. As a rich source of mineralising porous organisms, our seas and oceans could provide new directions for bone tissue engineering, particularly in the supply of biomimetic templates that may enhance in vivo and ex vivo bone formation. In this chapter we examine the history of marine organism use in this field; exploring how these organisms could be utilised, given the problems of sustainability, and reviewing the current evidence to support their use for bone repair and regeneration.