The number of annual new infections of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, remains high. In the U.S., HIV is spread mainly by having sex or sharing injection drug equipment, like needles, with someone who has HIV. HIV also can spread from a mother to her newborn during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. NIH and therefore the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) are committed to raised understanding HIV and developing new tools to stop HIV, including a vaccine, developing simpler treatments for people living with HIV, and hopefully, finding a cure. Nearly 37 million people round the world and 1.2 million people within the U.S. live with HIV. 160,000 children round the globe became infected with HIV in 2016. AIDS-related deaths have dropped by 48 percent globally since their peak in 2005. 13 percent of individuals with HIV within the U.S. don't know they need it. HIV incidence remains high: 1.8 million new infections occurred worldwide in 2016.