Early life events can exert a potent influence on both the pattern of encephalon architecture and behavioral development. The paper examines the nature of nervous system plasticity, the nature of functional connectivities in the nervous system, and the application of connectography to better understand the concept of a functional neurology that can illuminate approaches to injuctive authorization in preschool and primary inculcation. The paper additionally examines the genetic underpinnings of encephalon development such as synaptogenesis, plasticity, and critical periods as they relate to numerosity, language and perceptual development. Discussed is how the child environment in school and home interact with and modify the structures and functions of the developing encephalon. The role of experience for the child is to both maintain and expand the child early wiring diagram indispensable for efficacious cognitive as well as neurological development beyond early childhood. Advances in neuroimaging have ushered in an incipient era of developmental neuroscience. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is concretely apposite for pediatric studies because it does not utilize ionizing radiation which enables safe longitudinal scans of salubrious children. Key findings cognate to encephalon anatomical changes during childhood and adolescent are increases in white matter volumes throughout the encephalon and regionally concrete inverted U-shaped trajectories of gray matter volumes. Encephalon morphometric measures are highly variable across individuals and there is considerable overlap amongst groups of boys versus girls, typically developing versus neuropsychiatric populations, and puerile versus old. Studies are perpetual to explore the influences of genetic and environmental factors on developmental trajectories.