Approximately 14% of infants in low-income countries weigh but 2.5 kg at birth – many are born preterm. Most research on mortality and illness among low-birth-weight infants has focused on the time of life and few studies from Sub-Saharan Africa have generated population-based estimates of post-neonatal outcomes. Such estimates are particularly scarce for the – mostly preterm – infants born weighing but 1.50 kg. Data from Sub-Saharan Africa on the degree to which low birth weight increases the danger of mortality and illness within the post-neonatal period are lacking but are needed to focus on interventions. Caregivers who think an infant is probably going to die could also be less likely to hunt look after the infant, especially if the infant is fragile and little and therefore the affected household is poor and much from a clinic.