Abnormal Placental Invasion
Background. An invasive placenta (accreta, increta, percreta) occurs when all or part of the placenta attaches abnormally to the myometrium. Because of the abnormal attachment, invasive placentas are associated with an increased risk for massive bleeding and organ damage. of abnormal gas exchange or hemodynamic instability [1, 2, 4]. No consensus has been determined, but in general, bleeding rates > 100 mL/h or total volumes > 500 mL in 24 h are considered life-threatening hemoptysis [1, 4]. Depending upon the patient’s underlying cardiopulmonary status, smaller volumes (50 mL) of hemoptysis may be life-threatening The reported mortality rate for life-threatening hemoptysis is between 9 and 38% [6]. Several factors have been identified that predict a poor outcome in patients experiencing life-threatening hemoptysis. These include a rapid rate of bleeding characterized as at least 100 mL within a 24-h period, aspiration of blood into the contralateral lung, or life-threatening bleeding requiring single-lung ventilation [2, 3, 7]. A retrospective cohort study of patients with severe hemoptysis reported risk factors for in-hospital mortality that included the presence of multilobar opacities, the need for mechanical ventilation, involvement of the pulmonary artery, and a diagnosis of cancer, aspergillosis
Last Updated on: Nov 28, 2024